'n Gesinsekologiese benadering tot die oordra van waardes en waardeprioriteite onder bepaalde jong Suid-Afrikaanse volwasse vroue (Afrikaans)

Abstract

AFRIKAANS: Die doel van hierdie studie was om die waardeprioriteite van 'n groep jong volwasse vroue vas te stel en die rol wat gesinslede in die oordrag van genoemde waardes speel te identifiseer binne 'n gesinsekologiese perspektief. Die literatuurstudie het die volgende behels: <ul> <li>Die eienskappe, funksies en klassifikasies van waardes asook konsepte wat verwant aan waardes is. </li> <li>Die rol van kultuur in waardes. </li> <li>Die bydrae van strukture, rolle en funksies van die gesin in die ontwikkeling van 'n sisteem van waardes. </li> <li>Die verskillende ontwikkelingsteorieë, wat verband hou met die ontwikkeling van waardes van die jong volwassene.<br></li> </ul> Kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe metodes en tegnieke is in hierdie studie gebruik. Kruisvalidasie, 'n algemene beginsel om geldigheid te verhoog, is in verskillende stadiums van die studie toegepas. 'n Demografiese vraelys is gekonstrueer om die sosiale demografiese profiel van die deelnemers te beskryf. 'n Likert-tipe skaal en twee vraelyste is gekonstrueer om die waardeprioriteite van die twintig gesinsekologiese waardeterreine te bepaal. Die items van die Likert-tipe skaal is met verskillende lewenssituasies in verband gebring. Twee vraelyste, is ontwikkel om vas te stel watter gesinslede (onder andere) verantwoordelik was vir die oordrag van die twintig waardekategorieë. Die deelnemers was 154 jong volwasse vroulike verpleegkundiges aan 'n Gautengse kollege. Hierdie groep het Blanke Afrikaanssprekendes en Engelssprekendes, Kleurlinge, Indiërs, Sotho's, Tswanas, Xhosas en Zoeloesprekende Swartes ingesluit. Bykomend tot genoemde deelnemers is onderhoude aan die hand van gesins- en ontwikkelingstake, met drie Tswanas en drie Afrikaanssprekende Blankes gevoer om groter duidelikheid oor waardeoordrag binne die gesin te verkry. Veldstudies en onderhoude met saakmakende persone is op verskillende stadiums van die navorsing gevoer om die data te bevestig en te interpreteer. 1. Wat waardeprioriteite betref: <ul><li>Die volgende kategorieë van waardes is as hoë prioriteit vasgestel: religieus, beroep, verhoudings, ligggaamlik, lewe, ekonomie, morele, self, veiligheid, intelletuele en gemoed. </li> <li>Waardekategoriee wat nie 'n hoë prioriteit geniet nie is: tyd-ruimtelik, reg, kultuur, ontspanning, natuurlike omgewing en esteties. </li> <li>Die kategorieë wat die laagste prioriteit geniet is: nasionaal, outoriteit en politiek. <br></li></ul> 2. Wat waardeoordrag betref: <ul> <li>Moeders speel die belangrikste rol in sosialiseringsverwante waardes. </li> <li>Vanweë verskeie faktore speel vaders 'n minder belangrike rol. </li> <li>Lede van die kern- en uitgebreide gesinne speel 'n belangrike rol in die oordra van waardes. </li> <li>Die skool en kerk speel belangrike rolle in die oordra van religieuse waardes. </li> <li>Die media, rolmodelle en vriende speel belangrike rolle in die oordra van waardes wat betrekking het op die politiek, natuur en selfbeeld.<br> </li></ul> 3. Wat die demografiese profiel betref: <ul> <li>Die deelnemers was uit die laer en middel inkomste groepe. </li> <li>Die meeste van die groepe behoort tot die Christelike godsdiens terwyl die Indiërs hoofsaaklik Hindu's is. <br></li></ul> Die onderlinge samehang tussen waardekategorieë en die belangrike invloed wat konteks speel, is bespreek en hieruit is modelle en teorieë ontwikkel. ENGLISH: The purpose of this study was to determine, within the family ecology perspective, the priority values of a group of young adult females and to identifY the family members involved in the transmission of these values. A literature review was conducted on: <ul> <li>The properties, functions, classifications of values as well as concepts related to values. </li> <li>The role of culture in values. </li> <li>The structures, roles and functions of the family in the development of a system of values. </li> <li>Various theories explaining the development of the young adult were connected to the development of values. <br></li></ul> Qualitative and quantitative methods and techniques were selected for this study. Triangulation, a general principle to enhance validity, was applied to various stages of the study. A questionnaire was constructed to determine the social demographic profile of the participants. A Likert-type scale and two questionnaires were constructed to determine the significance of the twenty categories of values. The items of the Likert-type scale were linked to specific situations. Two questionnaires were constructed to distinguish between the family members (amongst others) involved in the transmission of the twenty categories of values. The participants comprised of 154 young adult female nurses at a selected college in Gauteng. This group included Afrikaans and English speaking Whites, Coloureds, Indians as well as Sotho, Tswana, Xhosa and Zulu speaking Blacks. In addition to the above participants three Tswana speaking Black and three Afrikaans speaking White young adult nurses were interviewed on developmental and family tasks to identify and clarify the transmission of values in their family. Field studies and interviews with informants at various stages of the research process generated, confirmed and clarified information. 1. On value priorities: <ul> <li>The following value categories were regarded as important: religious, occupation, relations, bodily, life, economy, morality, self: safety, intellect, time and space, the law and disposition. </li> <li>The less important value categories were: culture, recreation, nature and aesthetics. </li> <li>The least important value categories were: national, authority and politics.<br></li></ul> 2. On the transmission of values: <ul> <li>Mothers play the most important role in values related to socialization. </li> <li>The role of the father is of lesser importance due to various factors. </li> <li>Members of the nuclear and extended family also participate in transmitting values. </li> <li>The school and church are important role players in religious values. </li> <li>The media, role models and friends play an important role in values related to politics, nature and self concept.<br> </li></ul> 3. On the demographic profile: <ul> <li>The participants represented the lower and middle income groups. </li> <li>Christianity is the dominant religion of these groups. Most of the Indians are Hindus.<br> </li></ul> To conclude the inter-relatedness of value categories and the important influence of context were discussed to develop models and theories were developed.