Grasslands and savannas are experiencing transformation and degradation due to bush encroachment (BE). BE has been monitored using restrictive traditional techniques that include field surveys and manual long-term ...

Exposure to household air pollution (HAP) is a major global health issue in low- and middle-income countries, with exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) a major risk factor for a wide range of diseases. Sub-Saharan Africa ...

Mapping smallholder maize farms in complex and uneven rural terrain is a major barrier to accurately documenting the spatial representation of the farming units. Remote sensing technologies rely on various satellite products ...

Nitrogen oxides, particularly NO2, are emitted through a variety of industrial and transport processes globally. The world’s continuous economic development, including in developing countries, results in an increasing ...

NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY. Greenhouse gas emissions and land use change – from deforestation, forest degradation, and agricultural intensification – are contributing to climate change and biodiversity loss. Important land-based ...

Radical and quick transformations towards sustainability will be fundamental to achieving a more sustainable future. However, deliberate interventions to reconfigure systems will result in winners and losers, with the ...

A soil seed bank is the collective name for viable seeds that are stored naturally in the soil. At the species or population level, the ability to form a seed bank represents a strategy for (re)colonization following a ...

Land degradation poses a significant global challenge, adversely affecting soil quality and diminishing the productivity of arable land, which, in turn, impacts food production and ecosystem services. This degradation ...

The high spatial variability of precipitation, heightened frequency of droughts and concomitant increases in exposure to water stress across southern Africa due to climate change, presents significant challenges for sugarcane ...

Validation studies of global Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) in the existing literature are limited by the diversity and spread of landscapes, terrain types considered and sparseness of groundtruth. Moreover, there are ...