Abstract:
The choice of an experimental-animal model is of great importance since the acquisition and maintenance of experimental animals often constitute the largest cost item in the experiment. More emphasis should therefore be laid on qualitative than on quantitative results. Following the development of improved conventional breeding methods and the development of specifically pathogen-free and germ-free methods, the standard of experimental animals has been raised substantially and more reliable results are being attained with more uniform experimental animals Research scientists are continually searching for new animal models, especially animals that are phylogenetically closely related to man, such as the sub-human primates of which there are at present a good but decreasing supply in South Africa. Domestic animals have long been used as models in the study of Zoonosis and for naturally occurring conditions in humans and animals. Many problems have already been noticed, but others are still awaiting clarification. Experimental surgery has proved its value in fields such as microvascular surgery, intra-uterine surgery, endocrinology, tissue transplantation, as well as other fields. The veterinarian has played an important part in this work. He should be part of a multi disciplinary team, should see to the well-being and health of the animals, should ensure that the ethical and legal aspects of animal research are complied with, should assist in the development of new models, and should serve in a consultative capacity in the planning of animal experiments. A number of suggestions are made. Post-graduate training in experimental- animal science and legislation to control the use of animals in experimental work should be given urgent attention. Co-operation at research level between the Veterinary and Medical Faculties should be promoted. The provision of experimental-animal faculties for the enlarged Faculty of Veterinary Science and the Faculty of Medicine is sure to result in fruitful co-operation.
