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Medical Virology: Recent submissions

  • SARS-CoV-2 reverse zoonoses to pumas and lions, South Africa 
    Koeppel, Katja Natalie; Mendes, Adriano; Strydom, Amy; Rotherham, Lia; Mulumba, Misheck; Venter, Marietjie (MDPI, 2022-01-11)
    Reverse-zoonotic infections of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from humans to wildlife species internationally raise concern over the emergence of new variants in animals. A better ...
  • Norovirus genetic diversity in children under five years old with acute diarrhea in Mozambique (2014–2015) 
    Chilaule, Jorfelia J.; Munlela, Benilde; Mans, Janet; Mabasa, V.V.; Marques, Selma; Bauhofer, Adilson Fernando Loforte; Jane, Graziela; Anapakala, Elda; Oliveira, Fernanda; Cossa-Moiane, Idalecia; Guimaraes, Esperanca; Sambo, Julia; Bero, Diocreciano Matias; Chissaque, Assucenio; De Deus, Nilsa; Taylor, Maureen B. (MDPI, 2022-09-09)
    Norovirus (NoV) is the second most important cause of viral diarrheal disease in children worldwide after rotavirus and is estimated to be responsible for 17% of acute diarrhea in low-income countries. This study aimed ...
  • Phylogenetic characterisation of the full genome of a Bagaza virus isolate from bird fatalities in South Africa 
    Mendes, Adriano; Lentsoane, Olivia; Allam, Mushal; Khumalo, Zamantungwa Thobeka Happiness; Ismail, Arshad; Coetzer, Jacobus A.W.; Venter, Marietjie (MDPI, 2022-07-05)
    Bagaza virus (BAGV), a member of the Ntaya serogroup in the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae, was isolated from the brain tissue of a Himalayan monal pheasant that died following neurological signs in Pretoria, South ...
  • Multiple novel human norovirus recombinants identified in wastewater in Pretoria, South Africa by next-generation sequencing 
    Mabasa, V.V.; Van Zyl, W.B.; Ismail, Arshad; Allam, Mushal; Taylor, Maureen B.; Mans, Janet (MDPI, 2022-12-07)
    The genogroup II genotype 4 (GII.4) noroviruses are a major cause of viral gastroenteritis. Since the emergence of the Sydney_2012 variant, no novel norovirus GII.4 variants have been reported. The high diversity of ...
  • Deep sequencing of the HIV‑1 polymerase gene for characterisation of cytotoxic T‑lymphocyte epitopes during early and chronic disease stages 
    Nkone, Paballo; Loubser, Shayne; Quinn, Thomas C.; Redd, Andrew D.; Ismail, Arshad; Tiemessen, Caroline T.; Mayaphi, Simnikiwe Horatious (BMC, 2022-03)
    BACKGROUND : Despite multiple attempts, there is still no effective HIV-1 vaccine available. The HIV-1 polymerase (pol) gene is highly conserved and encodes cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes. The aim of the study was ...
  • A pandemic guided by the SARS-CoV-2 PCR test : what should the clinician know? 
    Bangalee, Avania; Kreshalen Govender; Bangalee, Varsha (AOSIS, 2022-09-15)
    Amidst an ever-evolving pandemic, the demand for timely and accurate diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to increase. Critically, managing and containing the spread of the disease requires expedient ...
  • Global respiratory syncytial virus–related infant community deaths 
    Mazur, Natalie I.; Lowensteyn, Yvette N.; Willemsen, Joukje E.; Gill, Christopher J.; Forman, Leah; Mwananyanda, Lawrence M.; Blau, Dianna M.; Breiman, Robert F.; Madhi, Shabir A.; Mahtab, Sana; Gurley, Emily S.; El Arifeen, Shams; Assefa, Nega; Scott, J. Anthony G.; Onyango, Dickens; Barr, Beth A. Tippet; Kotloff, Karen L.; Sow, Samba O.; Mandomando, Inacio; Ogbuanu, Ikechukwu; Jambai, Amara; Bassat, Quique; CHAMPS Network the RSV GOLD Study Groupa; Caballero, Mauricio T.; Polack, Fernando P.; Omer, Saad; Kazi, Abdul Momin; Simoes, Eric A.F.; Satav, Ashish; Bont, Louis J.; Venter, Marietjie (Oxford University Press, 2021-09)
    BACKGROUND : Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of pediatric death, with >99% of mortality occurring in low and lower middle-income countries. At least half of RSV-related deaths are estimated to occur ...
  • Global burden of influenza-associated lower respiratory tract infections and hospitalizations among adults : a systematic review and meta-analysis 
    Lafond, Kathryn E.; Porter, Rachael M.; Whaley, Melissa J.; Suizan, Zhou; Ran, Zhang; Aleem, Mohammad Abdul; Thapa, Binay; Sar, Borann; Proschle, Viviana Sotomayor; Peng, Zhibin; Feng, Luzhao; Coulibaly, Daouda; Nkwembe, Edith; Olmedo, Alfredo; Ampofo, William; Saha, Siddhartha; Chadha, Mandeep; Mangiri, Amalya; Setiawaty, Vivi; Ali, Sami Sheikh; Chaves, Sandra S.; Otorbaeva, Dinagul; Keosavanh, Onechanh; Saleh, Majd; Ho, Antonia; Alexander, Burmaa; Oumzil, Hicham; Baral, Kedar Prasad; Huang, Q. Sue; Adebayo, Adedeji A.; Al-Abaidani, Idris; Von Horoch, Marta; Cohen, Cheryl; Tempia, Stefano; Mmbaga, Vida; Chittaganpitch, Malinee; Casal, Mariana; Dang, Duc Anh; Couto, Paula; Nair, Harish; Bresee, Joseph S.; Olsen, Sonja J.; Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo; Nuorti, J. Pekka; Widdowson, Marc- Alain; Global Respiratory Hospitalizations–Influenza Proportion Positive (GRIPP) Working Group; Venter, Marietjie (Public Library of Science, 2021-03-01)
    BACKGROUND : Influenza illness burden is substantial, particularly among young children, older adults, and those with underlying conditions. Initiatives are underway to develop better global estimates for influenza-associated ...
  • Riding the waves : challenges to medical specialty training during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Afric 
    Bangalee, Avania; Bangalee, V. (Health and Medical Publishing Group, 2022-03)
    Registrar training has traditionally relied on achieving practical workplace-based competencies together with the theoretical knowledge necessary to obtain a specialist qualification. However, in the last year, the ...
  • Dolutegravir as first-line antiretroviral therapy in South Africa : beware the one-size-fits-all approach 
    Bangalee, Avania; Hanley, S.; Bangalee, V. (South African Medical Association, 2022-10)
    Dolutegravir (DTG) is a pivotal antiretroviral medicine that has become the backbone of several HIV programmes, especially in sub-Saharan African countries. It has recently replaced efavirenz as the preferred third drug ...
  • Identifying gaps in hand hygiene practice to support tailored target audience messaging in Soweto : a cross-sectional community survey 
    Johnstone, Siobhan L.; Page, Nicola Anne; Groome, Michelle J.; Madhi, Shabir A.; Mutevedzi, Portia; Thomas, Juno (AOSIS, 2022-03-31)
    Effective risk communication is essential for outbreak mitigation, as recently highlighted during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Hand hygiene is one of the proposed public health interventions to protect ...
  • A retrospective review of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis queries, South Africa, 2016–2019 
    Whitbread, Trisha A.; Kabuya, Kathleen J.; Naran, Nimesh; Juggernath, Amilcar M.; Mathews, Moushumi A.; Blumberg, Lucille Hellen; Weyer, Jacqueline; Essel, Vivien (AOSIS, 2022-09-13)
    BACKGROUND: The National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICDs) of South Africa (SA) provides technical support to healthcare workers (HCWs) with regard to infectious diseases through the NICD clinician hotline. Queries ...
  • First report of an imported case of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in South Africa 
    Moolla, Naazneen; Adler, D.; Blumberg, Lucille Hellen; Glass, A.; Grobbelaar, A.; Le Roux, C.; Paweska, Janusz Tadeusz; Weyer, Jacqueline (South African Medical Association, 2022-08)
    Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is caused by hantavirus infection. Hantaviruses are not endemic to South Africa, and we report the first detection of an imported case of HFRS in the country. The case involved ...
  • Phase I of the DiaVACCS screening trial : study design, methods, population demographics and baseline results 
    Dreyer, Greta; Snyman, Leon Cornelius; Van der Merwe, F.H.; Richter, Karin Louise; Dreyer, G.J.; Visser, Cathy; Botha, M.H. (South African Medical Association, 2022-07)
    BACKGROUND. Human papillomavirus (HPV)-based primary screening guidelines are based on screening test performance and prevalence data generated in high-resource areas with low HIV infection rates. There is an urgent need ...
  • Human respiratory syncytial virus diversity and epidemiology among patients hospitalized with severe respiratory illness in South Africa, 2012-2015 
    Valley Omar, Ziyaad; Tempia, Stefano; Hellferscee, Orienka; Walaza, sibongile; Variava, Ebrahim; Dawood, Halima; Kahn, Kathleen; Meredith, McMorrow; Pretorius, Marthi; Mtshali, Senzo; Mamorobela, Ernest; Wolter, Nicole; Venter, Marietjie; Von Gottenberg, Anne; Cohen, Cheryl; Treurnicht, Florette K. (Wiley, 2022-03)
    BACKGROUND: We aimed to describe the prevalence of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) and evaluate associations between HRSV subgroups and/or genotypes and epidemiologic characteristics and clinical outcomes in ...
  • Health care provider perceptions of facilitators and barriers to human papillomavirus vaccination delivery in five countries 
    Islam, Jessica Y.; Gurbani, Arshya; Ramos, Silvina; Morgan, Karen; Kim, Chan Joo; Richter, Karin Louise; De Sanjose, Silvia; Smith, Jennifer S.; Vielot, Nadja A. (Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2021-08)
    BACKGROUND : National human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs could reduce global cervical cancer morbidity and mortality with support from health care providers. We assessed providers' perceptions of HPV vaccination ...
  • One Health : a new definition for a sustainable and healthy future 
    Adisasmito, Wiku B.; Almuhairi, Salama; Behravesh, Casey Barton; Bilivogui, Pepe; Bukachi, Salome A.; Casas, Natalia; Becerra, Natalia Cediel; Charron, Dominique F.; Chaudhary, Abhishek; Ciacci Zanella, Janice R.; Cunningham, Andrew A.; Dar, Osman; Debnath, Nitish; Dungu, Baptiste; Farag, Elmoubasher; Gao, George F.; Hayman, David T.S.; Khaitsa, Margaret; Koopmans, Marion P.G.; Machalaba, Catherine; Mackenzie, John S.; Markotter, Wanda; Mettenleiter, Thomas C.; Morand, Serge; Smolenskiy, Vyacheslav; Zhou, Lei (Public Library of Science, 2022-06-23)
    No abstract available.
  • HIV-1/2 differentiation in a South African public laboratory 
    Mafuyeka, Rendani T.; Webber, Lynne M.; Becker, Piet J.; Mayaphi, Simnikiwe Horatious (AOSIS, 2021-03-12)
    BACKGROUND : The human immunodeficiency virus type-2 (HIV-2) prevalence in South Africa (SA) is unknown, however, sporadic cases have been reported. Human immunodeficiency virus -1 and 2 differentiation is not part of ...
  • Fake news and fallacies : exploring vaccine hesitancy in South Africa 
    Bangalee, Avania; Bangalee, Varsha (AOSIS, 2021-10)
    Historically, vaccine hesitancy (VH) has been a thorn in the side of public health efforts to contain and eradicate infectious diseases. This phenomenon is magnified in light of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ...
  • Evaluation of serological assays for the diagnosis of HIV infection in adults 
    Bangalee, Avania; Bhoora, Sachin; Punchoo, Rivak (AOSIS, 2021-10)
    Serological tests based on the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) are the primary tool for the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in adults and have rapidly evolved to quicker, affordable and more accurate test formats ...