Partial proportional odds of child polio vaccination status among children aged 12–23 Months in Ethiopia

Abstract

BACKGROUND : The poliovirus is mostly transmitted by the fecal–oral route and can cause viremia after replication in the gastrointestinal tract. The current global coverage of polio immunization is 85%, against the 90% target, while the total coverage of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) coverage in sub-Saharan Africa is 73%. Only 30% of the children living in rural areas of Ethiopia were fully vaccinated at the appropriate ages in 2016 EDHS (Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey) data. This study evaluated the prevalence and factors associated with the vaccination status of children aged 12 and 23 months in Ethiopia.

METHODS : The Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey 2019 (Mini EDHS, 2019) was used for this study. The partial proportional ordinal logistic regression model was used to determine the risk factors associated with the polio vaccination status of children aged 12 and 23 months using SAS version 9.40 statistical software at a 5% level of significance.

RESULTS : The prevalence of polio vaccination status of children showed that about 33.00% of children never received vaccination, 21.20% were partially vaccinated, and 45.70% were fully vaccinated. The age of mother (AOR [adjusted odds ratio] = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.025, 1.094), age of mother at the first birth (AOR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.909, 0.976), rural residence (AOR = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.499, 0.867), higher education (AOR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.241, 1.730), at least four and more ANC (AOR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.845, 2.968), and ANC visits in health facilities (AOR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.902, 2.864) had a significant effect on child polio vaccination.

CONCLUSION : The coverage of full polio vaccination in Ethiopia was below 50%, which is below the global and regional percentage. Policies and programs must be formulated and implemented with a strong focus on women who have not used ANC visits, residents in rural areas, and uneducated women in child vaccination must be considered in Ethiopia.