Abstract:
Several features of innovative grid technologies can be deployed to improve the overall performance of the
power system environment. This can be seen from the generation to the consumption of energy. The two-way
communication of smart metering introduces the novel functionalities of the energy management system. This
paper presents a practical implementation of using the intelligent metering system. It consists of implementing
a nanogrid that optimally coordinates the energy from the solar panel, battery storage and utility grid to supply
the end user. The developed model is validated with an optimal value of the state of charge of the distributed
energy storage to maximise energy from the solar panel and battery storage while minimising the power
received from the utility grid. A demand response scheme is employed to formulate the performance index
of the energy management system using three optimal control models: adaptive open-loop control, adaptive
closed-loop control and model predictive control schemes. The formulation of the performance index of each
approach is a function of the energy flow from different resources depending on the power consumption. The
three models have given different insights into the performance of the smart nanogrid, which may be used
to the advantage of the grid owner or end user. Through the performance of the optimal strategies, it can
be observed that energy management is ensured, and real-time monitoring of the entire system is guaranteed.
The performance models facilitate the minimisation of the power from the utility, resulting in savings between
23.7% and 39.240% of the total energy demand from the end user. Besides, the system design is validated by
an electrical system to form a real-world innovative nanogrid application in residential environments.
