DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT : The original contributions presented in this study are included in the article/Supplementary Materials. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL : FIGURE S1. Amblypygi: Phrynichidae: Euphrynichus amanica, male karyotype. Based on two sister metaphases II (Giemsa staining). Scale bar = 10 μm. FIGURE S2. Amblypygi: Phrynichidae: Euphrynichus bacillifer (A) and Phrynichus ceylonicus (B), male karyotypes. Based on two sister metaphases II (Giemsa staining). Scale bars = 10 μm. FIGURE S3. Amblypygi: Phrynichidae: Damon medius, male, pattern of NORs (red). Metaphase II (FISH, DAPI staining). Note two submetacentric chromosomes (belonging to different chromosome pairs) bearing terminal NOR (arrowheads). Scale bar = 10 μm. FIGURE S4. Thelyphonida: Thelyphonidae: Hypoctoninae: Hypoctonus cf. gastrostictus (A) and Labochirus proboscideus (B), male karyotypes. Based on two sister metaphases II (Giemsa staining). Scale bars = 10 μm. FIGURE S5. Thelyphonida: Thelyphonidae: Hypoctoninae: Yekuana venezolensis, diploid set (A) and Mastigoproctinae: Uroproctus assamensis, haploid set (B), male karyotypes. In the haploid set, each chromosome pair is represented by one chromosome. Based on two sister metaphases II (A) or single metaphase II (B), stained by Giemsa. Scale bars = 10 μm. FIGURE S6. Thelyphonida: Thelyphonidae: Thelyphoninae: Ginosigma sp. (A) and Thelyphonus cf. linganus (B), male karyotypes. Based on two sister metaphases II (Giemsa staining). Scale bars = 10 μm. FIGURE S7. Ricinulei: Cryptocellus narino (A,C,D) and Ricinoides olounoua (B), male, pattern of NORs (red) and meiosis. (A) Pachytene, visualization of NORs (FISH, DAPI staining). One bivalent with subterminal NOR locus (arrowhead). (B) Mitotic metaphase, visualization of NORs (FISH, DAPI staining). Note small pair with subterminal NOR locus (arrowheads). (C) Diffuse stage (Giemsa staining). Bivalents exhibit enormous decondensation. (D) Metaphase I (Giemsa staining). Plate did not contain any heteromorphic bivalent. Note precocious segregation of chromosomes (arrows) of bivalent. Scale bars = 10 μm. FIGURE S8. Solifugae: females, association of homologous chromosomes throughout cell cycle (Giemsa staining). Letter pairs indicate putative homologs. (A) Gluvia dorsalis, early mitotic metaphase. (B) Paragaleodes pallidus, interphase nucleus containing haploid number (i.e., six) of blocks of CH. Scale bars = 10 μm. FIGURE S9. Solifugae: Eremobatidae (A) and Daesiidae (B), male karyotypes. Based on mitotic metaphase (Giemsa staining). (A) Eremobates pallipes karyotype with predominance of acrocentric pairs. Insets: NOR-bearing chromosomes from another mitotic metaphase (FISH, DAPI staining). Most of arm of metacentric pair no. 6 formed by NOR locus (red). (B) Gnosippus sp. karyotype with predominance of acrocentric chromosomes. Scale bars = 10 μm. TABLE S1. Material examined, including sex, instar, localities, and methods used. Abbreviations: C, C-banding; CGH, detection of sex chromosomes through CGH; F, fluorescent banding; fj, female juvenile; mj, male juvenile; j, juvenile, sex undetermined; NOR, NOR detection through FISH; S, standard evaluation of mitosis and meiosis (Giemsa-stained preparations); subad, subadult; T, telomeric repeat detection through FISH.