Abstract:
The focus of this investigation was to examine the effects of energy consumption, agricultural
commerce, and productivity on CO2 emissions in Nigeria using quantile regression. Time
series data from 1960 to 2021 were used. The findings revealed that the impact of agricultural raw
materials imports (AGRIMs) and exports on carbon footprints is positive. There is a prevalence of a
set of notable percentile differences in the conditional distribution of the variables on CO2 emissions.
Initially, the coefficient of energy consumption (EnCons) was high, but constantly nosedived from
the 25th quantile until it reached the 90th quantile when it picked up again, and the same was true in
the case of AGRIM. Thus, a 1% increase in agricultural imports will bring about 0.0047—a significant
unit increase in CO2 emissions in Nigeria from the 0.382946 coefficient in the 10th quantile to the
0.264392 coefficient in the 50th quantile, and thereafter, the effects become insignificant. Profound
significant variance across disparate percentiles in the conditional spread of AGRIM, food production
index (FPI), CPI, and FDI was found. It further showed that the effects of the regressors on carbon
emissions differ over the quantiles. Overall, AGRIM and EnCons have positive and significant effects
on carbon emission. However, the agricultural raw material export has significant negative effects on
CO2 emissions as the movement (transportation) of goods within a country prior to export involves a
huge level of carbon release. This study provides recommendations and policy implications.
