Preparation and properties of a crude extract toxic to guinea-pigs from Pachystigma pygmaeum, a plant causing heart failure in ruminants

Abstract

Pachystigma pygmaeum is a rubiaceous plant which causes heart failure after ingestion by ruminants. Isolation or characterization of a toxic entity has hitherto been unsuccessful. Extraction of the plant material with water or organic solvents gave poor yields of toxicity in guinea-pigs because of some unusual properties of the toxic entity. We present a method whereby liberation of a toxic entity from the plant material was achieved by fermentation with baker's yeast to give a crude extract with sufficient yield of toxicity for use in further isolation work.