The article describes the application of a GIS-based accessibility measurement
technique suited to assessing the impact of both transport and spatial development
strategies on the location-specific affordability of job access for poor households.
The access envelope methodology extends existing accessibility measures by:
explicitly accounting for public transport service patterns; including transport costs
as a dimension of accessibility; and deriving a single intuitive measure of access
reflecting the potential income earnable by a person living in a certain location, after
paying for transport. Several case studies from the City of Tshwane are presented,
illustrating its use for assessing spatial integration and transport initiatives. The cases
demonstrate how Tshwane’s emerging Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system selectively
enhances accessibility to jobs, although its marginal accessibility benefit is reduced
by the part-duplication of existing rail lines to core employment areas. While the
BRT improves the net earning potential of low-income workers in certain areas, its
ultimate benefits will significantly depend on its achievement of network effects –
especially via the reduction of first/last-kilometer trip costs – and its ability to leverage
higher density development within walking distance of the route. Accordingly, results
obtained with the access-envelopes method carry significant implications for current
transport planning in the main metro cities.
Die toepassing van ’n metode om die toeganklikheidsimpakte van beide vervoeren
ruimtelike ontwikkelingstrategieë op die haalbaarheid van werksgeleenthede
onder lae-inkomste huishoudings te beoordeel, word bespreek. Die metode is
gegrond op Geografiese Inligtingstelsels (GIS), en verbeter bestaande metodes
om toeganklikheid te meet deur openbare vervoerdienste direk in ag te neem;
vervoeronkostes as a dimensie van toeganklikheid in ag te neem; en ’n enkele
intuïtiewe indeks te ontwikkel om die potensiële inkomste van ’n person wat op ’n
bepaalde plek woon, te bereken, inaggenome die koste en tyd wat aan vervoer
bestee word. Gevallestudies van die Stad Tshwane word aangebied om die
toepassing van die metode te illustreer. Die gevalle toon die mate waartoe Tshwane
se opkomende Snelbusstelsel toeganklikheid tot bepaalde werksgebiede kan
verbeter, ten spyte daarvan dat die inkrementele voordeel beperk word deur die feit
dat die busstelsel bestaande treindienste gedeeltelik dupliseer, veral ten opsigte van
bestaande kerngebiede in die stad. Die snelbus verbeter wel die netto potensiële
inkomste van werkers, maar sy voordele sal uiteindelik afhang van die mate waartoe
die kostes van die eerste/laaste kilometer van ritte verminder word, en die mate
waarin verdigting en ontwikkeling in areas wat binne loopafstand van die roete is,
behaal word.
Serapa sena se hlalosa tshebediso ya thekeniki ya ho fumana sohloe ha bobebe ka
GIS, e sebedisetsoang ho sheba na transpoto le tswediso pele ya dibaka tse kholo
di ama hakae mabapi le ho fhla mesebetsing ha bonolo le ho se utlloisi pokotho
bohloko. Access envelope methodology e sarolla mekhoa ya ho fihla dibakeng tse
hlokahalang ha bonoloka ho sebetsana le ditshebeletso tsa transpoto, haholo holo
ditefello tsa transpotoya sechaba e le mokhoa oa ho bebofatsa ho fihla dibakeng tse
hlokahalang le ho fana ka mokhoa o le mong oa ho fihla ha bobebo dibakeng tse hlokahalang o ipapisitseng le se motho
a se kholang. Dipatlisiso tse ngata
tse tsoang City of Tswane di bontsha
tshebetso ya bona ya ho shebisisa
kenyelletso ya dibaka le traspoto.
Dipatlisiso di bontsha lka mokho Bus
Rapid Transit (BRT) e thusitseng batho
hore ba fihle mesebetsing ka nako
teropong ya Tswane, le ha ho fihla ha
bobebe ha eona ho ts’iroa ke diterene
tse ne se ntse di le teng. Le ha BRT e
ntlafatsa chelete ya batho basa kholeng
haholo, ditla morao tsa eona tse hantle
di ka thusoa ke ditefiso tse tlase le ho
phahamiso trswelopele ya bona pela
batho hore ba khona ho tsamaya ka
maoto hofihla ho yona. Ha ho le joalo
access envelopes method e bontsha
ho eba le diphetoho tsa merero ya
transpoto ka hara teropo tse kholo.
