An in-depth analysis of the strategic decisions made by multinational investment property companies engaged in internationalisation, using the eclectic paradigm as a framework.

Abstract

The rise of globalisation has led to more and more companies expanding beyond their borders. Gray (2002) sees this rise as a direct result of technology. He feels that technology has been the main factor leading to internationalisation. Desai (2003) feels that it is a combination of both market forces and technology giving rise to greater cross-border trade. The flow of foreign direct investment (FDI) around the world increased by up to seven times between 1992 and 2006 (Hill, 2007). This led to a 150 percent increase in world trade value and a 45 percent increase in output (2007). According to Hill by 2005 stock of global FDI exceeded $10 trillion. The objective of this research is to understand the intricacies of the strategic decisions of multinational property companies that expand beyond their borders, with a focus on investment property. The research uses the internationalisation theory known as the eclectic paradigm as a lens through which to view the subject. The paradigm is made up of three sub-paradigms – ownership, location and internalisation - and focuses on how multinational companies internationalise their operations. Multinational property companies (MNPCs) are increasingly looking to increase their foreign direct investments into investment property outside their borders where the yields may be better, or perhaps to spread their risk (de Rauville, 2008). Using the case study methodology the research aims to understand not only how these companies achieve their fdi ends, but why they chose particular modes of entry; their specific country choices; and what led them to believe that they had the capability to ensure success. Of added interest is the application of the eclectic paradigm within this context. The research proved successful in that the intricacies of the strategic decisions made by the multinational investment properties in the study were revealed. These led to further insights for current and future work on the topic. In addition the eclectic paradigm proved a most useful lens with which to view the topic.