Structural asymmetries and peace : hope or despair?

Abstract

This article suggests that where one is positioned in the current geopolitical system is likely to have an influence on whether one feels hope or despair. In this respect material asymmetry as a divisive influence is noted and it is argued that poverty reduction is a crucial component in defining a culture of peace. The need for sharing of resources as envisioned in the definition offered by Boulding is endorsed. Although the reduction of material asymmetry is seen as crucial, it is however, not seen as sufficient for the attainment of a peace culture. Redressing other power differentials such as gender is also viewed as crucial. The insights offered by Elise Boulding on the role of nongovernmental organizations are highlighted but the need to examine civil society more widely is also noted. In particular, the question of the meaning of citizenship is emphasized. In conclusion, the importance of developing a holistic, interdisciplinary approach that draws on cooperation and interdependence is affirmed and it is argued that there is sufficient reason for hope.