Faculty Day Postershttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/560642024-03-29T14:16:14Z2024-03-29T14:16:14ZMycobacterium bovis infection in cattle at the wildlife/livestock interface in northern KwaZulu-Natal province, South AfricaSichewo, P.R.Etter, Eric M.C.http://hdl.handle.net/2263/631082022-04-08T22:47:39Z2017-09-07T00:00:00ZMycobacterium bovis infection in cattle at the wildlife/livestock interface in northern KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa
Sichewo, P.R.; Etter, Eric M.C.
A cross-sectional study was carried out in Northern KwaZulu-
Natal at the wildlife/livestock interface to determine the
prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle using
a modified BOVIGAM® interferon gamma assay (IFN-γ).
Although cattle are known as the primary host, M. bovis can
also affect other domestic animals, wildlife and humans.
Using a random sampling technique, whole blood samples
were collected from 387 cattle registered at two dip tanks
(Mpempe and Nkomo) in the uMkhanyakude district, which
consisted of 267 females and 120 males from a total of 100
herds. The apparent M. bovis prevalence rate at animal level
was 13.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 10.6 - 17.4) and the
true prevalence indicated a similar prevalence rate of 13.6%
(95% CI 10.2 - 16.9). The apparent and true prevalence rate
at Nkomo dip tank was 7.9% (95% CI 4.4 - 13.6) and 5.7% (95% CI 1.4 - 11.6) respectively. The apparent and true prevalence
rates at Mpempe dip tank were almost similar: 17.3% (95%
CI 13.1 - 22.5) and 18% (95% CI 11.9 - 24.1) respectively. At
Mpepe dip tank 20/52 (39%) of the farmers had at least one
test positive animal, whilst at Nkomo dip tank, this figure was
8/48 (17%). Based on sex, 11 (9.1%, 95% CI 3.9 - 14.2) of the
males and 43 (16.1%, 95% CI 11.7 - 20.5) of the females tested
positive with the assay.
This study forms part of a One Health project at the wildlife/
livestock interface. Confirmation of infection will be done
through isolation and culture of tissues from test positive
animals. The isolates will be genotyped and compared with
isolates from wildlife, to monitor M. bovis transmission at the
wildlife/livestock interface.
Poster presented at the University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science Faculty Day, September 07, 2017, Pretoria, South Africa.; Includes bibliographical references
2017-09-07T00:00:00ZCarnivore population dynamics on two reserves, comparable or not?Wentzel, Jeanette MariaCamacho, Gerrie C.Bourn, M.http://hdl.handle.net/2263/626272022-04-08T22:47:18Z2017-09-07T00:00:00ZCarnivore population dynamics on two reserves, comparable or not?
Wentzel, Jeanette Maria; Camacho, Gerrie C.; Bourn, M.
Small carnivore species might provide the disease link in
disease transmission between domestic dogs and apex
predators. The objective of this study was to determine the
presence of carnivores and prey species on two wildlife
reserves in Mpumalanga Province.
Carnivore presence was determined on two reserves managed
by Mpumalanga Tourist and Parks Agency(MTPA). Manyeleti is
contiguous with Kruger National Park (KNP), 23 000 hectares
in area, and has villages on one side. Andover is not adjacent
to KNP, 7 000 hectares in area, and has villages on three sides
of the reserve. The presence of carnivores and determination
of inter-species interactions were measured during a two-year
period using randomly placed clusters of camera traps. These
camera traps were placed at each selected location for a period of 4 to 6 weeks before being moved. Permanent camera traps
were also placed on the interface between reserves and villages.
Data were entered into Microsoft Excel and mapped using
ArcGIS 10.4.1. Ordinary Kriging and inverse distance weighting
interpolation were used to determine the spatial distributions of
observed wildlife. The Mackenzie model was used to determine
the daily detection probability of each species. The most
abundant species present in Manyeleti were hyena (Crocuta
crocuta) and Lion (Panthera leo). In Andover, the only apex
predator present was leopard (Panthera pardus), while serval
(Leptailurus serval), caracal (Felis caracal), and mongoose (Mungos
mungo) were also present. Some locations were shared among
carnivore species, while other areas had no carnivore species
detected at all. Areas with prey species, water and access routes
to water had the highest probability of carnivore detection.
Poster presented at the University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science Faculty Day, September 07, 2017, Pretoria, South Africa.; Includes bibliographical references
2017-09-07T00:00:00ZHerd-level prevalence of bovine leukaemia virus infection and associated risk factors in commercial dairies in five provinces of South AfricaMaboe, Sello J.Gratwick, W.http://hdl.handle.net/2263/626262022-04-08T22:46:12Z2017-09-07T00:00:00ZHerd-level prevalence of bovine leukaemia virus infection and associated risk factors in commercial dairies in five provinces of South Africa
Maboe, Sello J.; Gratwick, W.
The immunosuppressive nature of bovine leukaemia
virus (BLV) infection is well documented and associated
production losses make it one of the most important
diseases of cattle, particularly in dairy cows. Any
management interventions should be informed by an
understanding of the herd-level and within-herd infection
prevalence and of risk factors for spread of infection. Costs
associated with blood tests have been a prohibitive factor in
routine monitoring in domestic herds.
A regional cross-sectional study was undertaken to estimate
herd-level prevalence of BLV infection in commercial dairy
herds and identify associated risk factors. Bulk tank milk
(BTM) from 185 dairy herds randomly selected from Limpopo,
North West, Mpumalanga, Gauteng and Free State provinces
was tested for BLV infection using an indirect enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A questionnaire was used
to collect data regarding management practices and herdspecific
factors. Logistic regression was used to assess factors
associated with herd seropositivity. Multiple linear regression was used to identify factors associated with the quantitative
outcome of the BTM ELISA (E quant), as a proxy for within-herd
prevalence of BLV infection.
Estimated herd-level prevalence was 96% (149/155; 95%CI
92-99%); it differed between provinces (P=0.001): 77%
(17/22) in Mpumalanga, 97% (34/35) in Gauteng and 100%
in North West (n=65), Free State (n=26) and Limpopo (n=3).
Questionnaire data were obtained from 125 herds. No
factors were significantly associated with herd BLV infection,
likely due to the small number of negative herds. Use of
communal calving camps, reuse of rectal gloves without
disinfection and use of artificial insemination in cows were
associated with higher E quant. Regular treatment against flies
was associated with lower E quant.
Infection with BLV is widespread amongst commercial dairy
herds in the northern part of South Africa. Various aspects of
herd management have been identified where interventions
can be made to control of the disease.
Poster presented at the University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science Faculty Day, September 07, 2017, Pretoria, South Africa.; Includes bibliographical references
2017-09-07T00:00:00ZShotgun genome sequence and population diversity of Mannheimia haemolytica isolates from sheep in South AfricaGelaw, Awoke K.Cutler, Sally J.Guthrie, Alan Johnhttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/626252022-04-08T22:47:18Z2017-09-07T00:00:00ZShotgun genome sequence and population diversity of Mannheimia haemolytica isolates from sheep in South Africa
Gelaw, Awoke K.; Cutler, Sally J.; Guthrie, Alan John
Respiratory disease caused by Mannheimia haemolytica is
a major economic and welfare concern in the cattle and
small stock industry worldwide. Disease occurs due to the
interaction of numerous factors, including weaning stress,
shipment, inclement weather, and overcrowding coupled
with viral and bacterial infections. The whole genome of M.
haemolytica strain Mh10517 was analyzed using an Illumina
MiSeq high throughput sequencing platform. The genome
size is 2.67 Mb with 2,879 predicted gene sequences.
The molecular evolution and relatedness of M. haemolytica
was investigated using nucleotide sequence data of seven
housekeeping gene fragments from 21 ovine isolates. MEGA
version 7.0 genomic workbench was used for alignment and
analysis of the nucleotide data sets. For each gene fragment,
the sequences were compared and isolates with identical
sequences were assigned the same allele number. Results suggested that the 21 isolates belonged to six sequence
types (ST) and ST 28 accounted for 33% of the isolates.
Neighbour joining method was used to produce dendograms
based on the concatenated sequences of the seven loci
in multilocus allelic profile. There was significant variation
between the number of synonymous and non-synonymous
substitutions between each sequence pairs (p=0.018)
based on results from the Fisher’s exact test of neutrality of
sequence pairs.
These preliminary data show substantial sequence variations
and this supports the hypothesis that ovine isolates of M.
haemolytica are more diverse that what has been reported
for isolates from other species. These results will advance
studies on various aspects of the biology of M. haemolytica in
Africa, and the world at large.
Poster presented at the University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science Faculty Day, September 07, 2017, Pretoria, South Africa.; Includes bibliographical references
2017-09-07T00:00:00Z