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Principals’ perspectives on the assignment of duties to deputy principals in selected township secondary schools
Blose, Sibonelo; Mnikathi, Phumlani Samuel (Education Association of South Africa, 2025-12-31)
From a South African perspective, the job description of deputy principals, as stipulated in the Personnel Administrative Measures (PAM), is not straightforward but requires some discernment from principals. In this article we report on a study in which we sought to understand principals' perspectives on the assignment of duties to deputy principals in selected South African township secondary schools. The distributed leadership perspective constituted the theoretical framework of the study. We adopted the qualitative research approach and a case study design to engage with principals who were purposively and conveniently sampled. Data were generated through semi-structured interviews and subsequently analysed by means of thematic analysis. The findings reveal that the participating principals engaged in capacity-informed delegation, fostered collaboration between the principals and deputy principals, and positioned deputy principals as part of and leaders in internal committees. The principals followed this approach to prepare deputy principals for the principalship. The apt manner in which principals perceived and deployed their deputy principals, was noticeable. The principals appeared to invite their deputy principals to co-lead with them, which is a sign of distributed leadership.
Principles for compensating the epistemic injustices of colonialism
Metz, Thaddeus (Springer, 2026)
I aim to make headway towards understanding how to compensate properly for epistemic injustices committed during large-scale forms of intergroup domination, with my focus being European colonialism in much of Africa and apartheid in South Africa. I point out that there is a wide array of suggestions about how concretely to effect reparations for these injustices in the literature, and seek to discover which (if any) are justified by a plausible theory of compensatory justice. One potential theory is the principle that people done an injustice should be put into the position they would have been in had the injustice not occurred, while another is to give wrongfully harmed peoples control over what had been taken away from them. These principles have frequently been applied to major racial injustices pertaining to property and opportunity, but I present new reason to think that both have counterintuitive implications when applied to epistemic injustices. Drawing on values and practices salient in parts of South America and Africa as well as some Anglo-American thought about restorative justice, I advance a unique third account of compensatory justice in general that I show both avoids the criticisms facing rivals and has plausible implications for how to respond to the relevant epistemic injustices in particular.
Probing jet base emission of M87* with the 2021 Event Horizon Telescope observations
Saurabh; Müller, Hendrik; Von Fellenberg, Sebastiano D.; Tiede, Paul; Janssen, Michael; Blackburn, Lindy L.; Broderick, Avery E.; Chavez, Erandi; Georgiev, Boris; Krichbaum, Thomas P.; Moriyama, Kotaro; Nair, Dhanya G.; Natarajan, Iniyan; Park, Jongho; West, Andrew Thomas; Wielgus, MacIek Iej; Akiyama, Kazunori; Albentosa-Ruíz, Ezequiel; Alberdi, A.; Alef, Walter; Algaba Marcos, Juan Carlos; Anantua, Richard J.; Asada, Keiich; Azulay, Rebecca; Bach, Uwe; Baczko, Anne-Kathrin; Ball, David; Baloković, Mislav; Bandyopadhyay, Bidisha; Barrett, John; Bauböck, Michi; Benson, Bradford A.; Bintley, Dan; Blundell, Raymond; Bouman, Katherine L.; Bower, Geoffrey C.; Bremer, Michael; Brissenden, Roger; Britze, Silke; Broguiere, Dominique; Bronzwaer, Thomas; Bustamante, Sandra; Carlos, Douglas F.; Carlstrom, John E.; Chael, Andrew; Chan, Chi-kwan; Chang, Dominic O.; Chatterjee, Koushik; Chatterjee, Shami; Chen, Ming-Tang; Chen, Yongjun; Cheng, Xiaopeng; Chichura, Paul; Cho, Ilje; Christian, Pierre; Conroy, Nicholas S.; Conway, John E.; Crawford, Thomas M.; Crew, Geoffrey B.; Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro; Cui, Yuzhu; Curd, Brandon; Dahale, Rohan; Jordy, Davelaar; De Laurentis, Mariafelicia; Deane, Roger; Desvignes, Gregory; Dexter, Jason; Dhru, Vedant; Dihingia, Indu K.; Doeleman, Sheperd S.; Dzib, Sergio A.; Eatough, Ralph P.; Emami, Razieh; Falcke, Heino; Farah, Joseph; Falcke, Heino; Farah, Joseph; Fish, Vincent L.; Fomalont, Edward; Ford, H. Alyson; Foschi, Marianna; Fraga-Encinas, Raquel; Freeman, William T.; Friberg, Per; Fromm, Christian M.; Fuentes, Antonio; Galison, Peter; Gammie, Charles F.; García, Roberto; Gentaz, Olivier; Goddi, Ciriaco; Gold, Roman; Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I.; Gómez, José L.; Gu, Minfeng; Gurwell, Mark; Hada, Kazuhiro; Haggard, Daryl; Hesper, Ronald; Heumann, Dirk; Ho, Luis C.; Ho, Paul; Honma, Mareki; Huang, Chih-Wei L.; Huang, Lei; Hughes, David H.; Ikeda, Shiro; Impellizzer, C.M. Violette; Inoue, Makoto; Issaoun, Sara; James, David J.; Jannuzi, Buell T.; Jeter, Britton; Jiang, Wu; Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra; Johnson , Svetlana; Jorstad, Michael D.; Jones, Adam C.; Joshi, Abhishek V.; Jung, Taehyun; Karuppusamy, Ramesh; Kawashima, Tomohisa; Keating, Garrett K.; Kettenis, Mark; Kim, Dong-Jin; Kim, Jae-Young; Kim, Jongsoo; Kim, Junhan; Kino, Motoki; Koay, Jun Yi; Kocherlakota, Prashant; Kofuji, Yutaro; Koch, Patrick M.; Koyama, Shoko; Kramer, Carsten; Kramer, Joana A.; Kramer, Michael; Kuo, Cheng-Yu; La Bella, Noemi; Lee, Deokhyeong; Lee, Sang-Sung; Levis, Aviad; Li, Shaoliang; Li, Zhiyuan; Lico, Rocco; Lindahl, Greg; Lindqvist, Michael; Lisakov, Mikhail; Liu, Jun; Liu, Kuo; Liuzzo, Elisabetta; Lo, Wen-Ping; Lobanov, Andrei P.; Loinard, Laurent; Lonsdale, Colin J.; Lowitz, Amy E.; Lu, Ru-Sen; MacDonald, Nicholas R.; Mao, Jirong; Marchili, Nicola; Markoff, Sera; Marrone, Daniel P.; Marscher, Alan P.; Martí-Vidal, Iván; Matsushita, Satoki; Matthews, Lynn D.; Medeiros, Lia; Menten, Karl M.; Messias, Hugo; Mizuno, Izumi; Mizuno, Yosuke; Montgomery, Joshua; Moran, James M.; Moscibrodzka, Monika; Mulaudzi, Wanga; Müller, Cornelia; Mus, Alejandro; Musoke, Gibwa; Myserlis, Ioannis; Nagai, Hiroshi; Nagar, Neil M.; Nakamura, Masanori; Narayanan, Gopal; Nathanail, Antonios; Navarro Fuentes, Santiago; Neilsen, Joey; Ni, Chunchong; Nowak, Michael A.; Oh, Junghwan; Okino, Hiroki; Olivares Sánchez, Héctor Raúl; Oyama, Tomoaki; Özel, Feryal; Palumbo, Daniel C.M.; Paraschos, Georgios Filippos; Parsons, Harriet; Patel, Nimesh; Pen, Ue-Li; Pesce, Dominic W.; Piétu, Vincent; Plavin, Alexander; PopStefanija, Aleksandar; Porth, Oliver; Prather, Ben; Principe, Giacomo; Psaltis, Dimitrios; Pu, Hung-Yi; Rahlin, Alexandra; Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh; Rao, Ramprasad; Rawlings, Mark G.; Rezzolla, Luciano; Ricarte, Angelo; Ricci, Luca; Ripperda, Bart; Röder, Jan; Roelofs, Freek; Romero-Cañizales, Cristina; Ros, Eduardo; Roshanineshat, Arash; Rottmann, Helge; Roy, Alan L.; Ruiz, Ignacio; Ruszczyk, Chet; Rygl, Kazi L.J.; Salas, León D.S.; Sánchez, Salvador; Sánchez-Argüelles, David; Sánchez-Portal, Miguel; Sasada, Mahito; Satapathy, Kaushik; Savolainen, Tuomas; Schloerb, F. Peter; Schonfeld, Jonathan; Schuster, Karl-Friedrich; Shao, Lijing; Shen, Zhiqiang; Silpa, Sasikumar; Small, Des; Smith, Randall; Sohn, Bong Won; SooHoo, Jason; Souccar, Kamal; Stanway, Joshua S.; Sun, He; Tazaki, Fumie; Tetarenko, Alexandra J.; Tilanus, Remo P.J.; Titus, Michael; Toma, Kenji; Torne, Pablo; Toscano, Teresa; Traianou, Efthalia; Trent, Tyler; Trippe, Sascha; Turk, Matthew; Van Bemmel, Ilse; Van Langevelde, Huib Jan; Van Rossum, Daniel R.; Vos, Jesse; Wagner, Jan; Ward-Thompson, Derek; Wardle, John; Washington, Jasmin E.; Weintroub, Jonathan; Wharton, Robert; Wiik, Kaj; Witzel, Gunther; Wondrak, Michael F.; Wong, George N.; Wongphexhauxsorn, Jompoj; Wu, Qingwen; Yadlapalli, Nitika; Yamaguchi, Paul; Yfantis, Aristomenis; Yoon, Doosoo; Young, André; Younsi, Ziri; Yu, Wei; Yuan, Feng; Yuan, Ye-Fei; Zeng, Ai-Ling; Zensu, J. Anton; Zhang, Shuo; Zhao, Guang-Yao; Zhao, Shan-Shan (EDP Sciences, 2026-02)
We investigate the presence and spatial characteristics of the jet base emission in M87* at 230 GHz, enabled by the significantly enhanced (u,v) coverage in the 2021 Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations. The integration of the 12−m Kitt Peak Telescope (USA) and NOEMA (France) stations into the array introduces two critical intermediate-length baselines to SMT (USA) and IRAM 30−m (Spain), providing sensitivity to emission structures at spatial scales of ∼250 μas and ∼2500 μas (∼ 0.02 pc and ∼ 0.02 pc). Without these new baselines, previous EHT observations of the source in 2017 and 2018 lacked the capability to constrain emission on large scales, where a “missing flux” of order ∼1 Jy is expected to reside. To probe these scales, we analyzed closure phases–robust against station-based gain calibration errors–and model the jet base emission using a simple Gaussian component offset from the compact ring emission at spatial separations > 100 μas. Our analysis revealed a Gaussian feature centered at (ΔRA ≈ 320 μas, ΔDec. ≈ 60 μ as), projected separation of ≈ 5500 AU, with an estimated flux density of only ∼60 mJy, implying that most of the missing flux identified in previous EHT studies had to originate from different, larger scales. Brighter emission at the relevant spatial scales is firmly ruled out, and the data do not favor more complex models. This component aligns with the inferred position of the large-scale jet and is therefore physically consistent with the emission of the jet base. While our findings point to detectable jet base emission at 230 GHz, the limited coverage provided by only two intermediate baselines limits our ability to robustly reconstruct its morphology. Consequently, we treated the recovered Gaussian as an upper limit on the jet base flux density. Future EHT observations with expanded intermediate baseline coverage will be essential to constrain the structure and nature of this component with higher precision.
Postoperative chylothorax following surgical transection of a left ligamentum arteriosum in a cat with a persistent right aortic arch
Pont, Adriaan D.; Bester, Elizabeth G.; Kitshoff, Adriaan Mynhardt (Wiley, 2026-05)
A 6-month-old intact female domestic shorthair cat was presented for surgical correction of a vascular ring anomaly. The main clinical sign on presentation was persistent regurgitation after ingestion of solid food. Computed tomography of the thorax confirmed the diagnosis of a persistent right aortic arch (PRAA) with a left ligamentum arteriosum. The left ligamentum arteriosum was identified, ligated and transected via a left fifth intercostal thoracotomy to relieve the oesophageal constriction associated with the persistent right aortic arch. Within 24 h postoperatively, the patient developed dyspnoea and tachypnoea. A pleural effusion was noted on drainage of the left thoracic drain, which had been placed intraoperatively. The pleural effusion analysis was consistent with a chylothorax. A right-sided thoracostomy tube was placed in addition to the left, and a continuous drainage system was utilised. The chylous effusion resolved on Day 6 postoperatively. This case report highlights the occurrence and management of iatrogenic chylothorax following surgical correction of a PRAA with a left ligamentum arteriosum in a cat.
Postmortem interval estimation based on the developmental patterns of Hemilucilia Segmentaria (Fabricius) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) and Peckia (Euboettcheria) Anguilla (Curran & Walley) (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) : a case in southeastern Brazil
Souza, Carina Mara; Da Costa-Silva, Vinicius; Prado, Aline Marrara; Savino, Andre Gardelino; Thyssen, Patricia Jacqueline (Springer, 2026-03)
Decaying corpses constitute a relevant source of food resources for a wide range of insects classified as necrophagous. Several blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) species are necrophagous and, for this reason, comprise two of the most relevant families of insects in forensics. Obtaining reliable postmortem interval (PMI) estimates based on entomological traces is of great importance in investigative processes. We present a case report of PMI estimation based on entomological evidence collected in a young woman's corpse found in a wild area from southeastern Brazil, using two Diptera species: Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius) (Calliphoridae) and Peckia (Euboettcheria) anguilla (Curran & Walley) (Sarcophagidae). Additionally, we report for the first time P. (E.) anguilla rearing in a decaying corpse.